53 If the likelihood of an outflow is remote, the possible obligation is neither a provision nor a contingent liability and no disclosure is made. Contract performance guarantees issued by the parent company on behalf of the group companies are calculated based on the probability of draw down. PROVISIONS Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event for which it is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made on the amount of the obligation. When the Group expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to any provision is presented in the statement of profit or loss net of any reimbursement. Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the reporting date. The discount rate used to determine the present value reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision resulting from the passage of time is recognised in the statement of profit or loss in finance costs. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS Short-term benefits Liabilities for wages, salaries and certain annual leave benefits expected to be settled within 12 months of the reporting date are recognised in employee benefit provisions in respect of employees’ services up to the reporting date. They are measured at the undiscounted amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. Long-term benefits The liability for long service leave and certain annual leave benefits is recognised in the employee benefits provisions and measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by the employees up to the reporting date using projected unit credit method. Consideration is given to expected future wage and salary levels, experience of employee departures, and periods of service. Expected future payments are discounted using market yields at the reporting date on corporate bonds with terms to maturity and currencies that match, as closely as possible, the estimated future cash outflows. ISSUED CAPITAL Ordinary and preference shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. SHARE BASED PAYMENTS The parent company, Aveng Limited operates a share incentive plan for the granting of shares and/or share options to executives and senior employees as consideration for services rendered. Shares and/or share options are offered to executives and senior employees at the market price, upon recommendation by the remuneration committee. Shares and/ or share options awarded to executives and senior employees are awarded over a period of two to three years. Equity-settled transactions The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured with reference to the fair value at the date on which they are granted. In valuing equity-settled transactions, no account is taken of performance conditions, other than conditions linked to the market value of the Company’s shares. The cost of equity-settled transactions is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period in which the service conditions are fulfilled, ending on the date on which the relevant employees become fully entitled to the award (the vesting date). The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Group’s best estimate as to the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The earnings charge or credit for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised at the beginning and at the end of each reporting period. No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional upon a market condition. Provided that all other performance conditions are satisfied, these awards are treated as vesting irrespective of whether or not the market condition is satisfied. Where the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, as a minimum an expense is recognised as if the terms had not been modified. In addition, an expense is recognised for any modification, which increases the consolidated total fair value of the share-based payment arrangement or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an equity- settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it had vested on the date of cancellation. Any expense not yet recognised for the award is immediately recognised. In the event that a new award is substituted for the cancelled award, and designated as a replacement award, the cancelled and new awards are treated as if they were a modification to the original award. REVENUE RECOGNITION Construction Contracts Revenue from construction contracts is recognised when the outcome of the construction contract can be measured reliably, by reference to satisfaction of the performance obligation(s) over a period of time. The Group has concluded that it is the principal in its construction contract revenue arrangements, because it typically controls the delivery of construction contracts over a period of time. Where a loss is anticipated on any particular contract, provision is made immediately in full for the estimated final contract loss. When the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably (principally during early stages of a contract), contract revenue is recognised only to the extent of costs incurred that are expected to be recoverable. Where contract costs incurred to date plus recognised earnings, less recognised losses exceed progress billings, the surplus is reflected as
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