McConnell Dowell 2020 Annual Review

59 Annual Review 2020 Measurement of ECLs ECL are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured at the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the contractual cash flows due to the entity in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at the effective interest rate of the financial asset). Credit-impaired financial assets At each reporting date, the Group has assessed whether financial assets within the scope of AASB 9 impairment requirements are credit-impaired. Financial assets not carried at fair value through profit or loss are assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence of credit-impairment. A financial asset is credit-impaired when one or more event that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial assets have occurred. Accordingly, this accounting policy relates to Amounts due from contract customers, Trade and other receivables and Cash and bank balances. Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired includes, but is not limited to: • default or delinquency by a debtor in interest or principal payments; • restructuring of an amount due to the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise; • indications that a debtor or issuer will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; • adverse changes in the payment status of borrowers or issuers; • the disappearance of an active market for a security; or • observable data indicating that there is measurable decrease in expected cash flows from a group of financial assets such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults. Financial liabilities Initial recognition andmeasurement The Group initially recognises financial liabilities when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or fair value, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. The Group determines the classification of its financial liabilities at initial recognition. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and in the case of loans and borrowings and other liabilities, less directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, borrowings and other liabilities, bank overdrafts, employee- related payables, amounts due to contract customers and derivatives that are liabilities. The Group has not designated any financial liabilities upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss, except those financial liabilities that contain embedded derivatives that significantly modify cash flows that would otherwise be required under the contract. Amounts due to contract customers Where progress billings exceed the aggregate of costs plus margin less losses, the net amounts are reflected as a liability and is carried at amortised cost. Borrowings and other liabilities Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Gains and losses are recognised in earnings when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the amortisation process. Trade and other payables Trade and other payables are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Bank overdraft Bank overdrafts are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Offsetting of financial instruments Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the statement of financial position if, and only if, there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. Derecognition A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in earnings. Inventories Inventories comprise rawmaterials and consumable stores. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated cost of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Write-downs to net realisable value and inventory losses are expensed in the period in which the write-downs or losses occur. Investments in associates The Group’s investment in its associates is accounted for using the equity method of accounting in the consolidated financial statements and at cost in the parent. The associates are entities over which the Group has significant influence.